Among all audio components, the system speaker is where the biggest differences. We can find a wide assortment of baffles affordable prices that offer great sound, but on the other hand, some cost models of famous brands in more than U.S. $ 50,000 per pair. We can also appreciate the great differences in size: from small type baffles, which stands on a shelf, to pen more than 2 meters high, which Despite hundreds of kilograms. There is no technological justification for the diversity of mood or just design? A reply is trivial to get that low of a large real loudspeaker is necessary. It is effective, but it seems more like an intuitive response a justified one. The fact is that the principles governing the behavior of the chicane and transducers of electro acoustic component, is completely unknown to the common music fans, who tend to attribute ideal technical properties comparable to those in other parts of the sound system, such as amplifiers, CD players, equalizers, etc.
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We must take into account that only a few decades ago it was unaware of the behavior would be a driver or electro acoustic transducer in a chicane. Quantities such as frequency response, cone excursion, impulse response, the group delay, phase delay, have not been possible to provide for the driver baffle system and the final product is the result of long tests and experiments with speakers of different volumes, ports, anchorages, etc. because until recently it had not been deduced a mathematical model for the behavior of the electro acoustic transducer in the baffle.
The dynamic speaker has remained virtually unchanged since its invention in 1925 by Rice and Kellogg, two engineers from General Electric Research Laboratory. The technological progress has improved its manufacturing process, materials and design of the cone, the power of the magnet, but the physical principle is unchanged: a diaphragm coupled with a coil that is in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet, varies because of alternating current applied to the coil. This simple principle is to allow that to produce sound in almost all the baffles in the market. The electrostatic loudspeakers and plasma, among others, are an alternative for producing sounds, but due to limitations physical and technical, they had little market penetration.
The advent of sound film was a big boost to this industry, but the chicane transducer system remains a mystery. It was not until 1972 that Richard Small, based on previous work by Neville Thiele, publishes, in the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, a series of articles covering the analysis of speaker systems in enclosed spaces and ventilated spaces, using an equivalent circuit. The relevance of what used to model the chicane transducer system as an equivalent electrical circuit a type RLC, with already known and predictable effects. Now, with the help of Thiele-Small parameters specific to each sensor, it is possible to predict their behavior in the baffle without creating the chicane.
One of Thiele-Small equations gives us an indication of the size of the chicane frequency response and efficiency, which can be described as follows: efficiency (N0) is proportional to the cube of the frequency resonance (Fs), multiplied by the volume equivalent (VAS). This means that, for example, if we are to reach an octave additional bar in F in a reducing factor of two, while maintaining efficacy (N0), we need to increase the volume (Vas) within a factor of eight. This explains why it is so difficult achieve frequencies like 25Hz and therefore need a large bass speaker for the actual delivery.
It is therefore those who choose small speakers, either simple or cost, always sacrifice a significant range of bass. Instead, those who chose the chicane large at the expense of aesthetics, undoubtedly the live musical experience more realistic and vivid pleasant.
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Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis (Paperback)
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